Archive for PHP

MODx is becoming incredibly popular as more webmasters are learning of its extensive capabilities as a robust content management system. In fact, to call it a “content” management system would be an understatement, seeing as it is more of a complete site management utility. Many of its regular users praise MODx as being the future of content management systems, ushering in an age of open source PHP based CMS that are compatible with nearly all third-party programming platforms. In other words, this CMS is perfect for any developer and any site owner, regardless of your experience level or skill set. If you;re interested in learning more about MODx, you may want consider the following information.

MODx’s Unique Advantages

The main advantage of MODx is its compatibility with various programming platforms, which makes it an ideal solution for all developers, both novice and professional. MODx is one of the few CMS that is compatible with the AJAX programming language, which gives site owners the ability to design incredibly interactive pages that return information and adapt instantly based on the visitor’s actions. MODx also has native SEO features that give you an instant edge on the competition when trying to rank highly for keywords in your niche. MODx bares its name because it can be modified very easily by anyone with a basic programming background and the willingness to learn the simple syntax of the software. In fact, there are no notable limitations or restrictions to beware of when using MODx as a development platform.

The Rising Popularity of MODx

Aside from its aforementioned flexibility and capabilities, the rising popularity of MODx is largely attributed to the size and dedicated of the pre-existing user community. This forum of developers and webmasters are devoted to teaching each other how to get the most out of the MODx CMS, and are constantly contributing new developments that improve the functionality of the software. Having a thriving user community to provide support is extremely important when using an open source software for the first time., especially if you’re not technically experienced. As more people become interested in MODx, the effect will compound exponentially, and within the next couple of years the software is expected to cross boundaries that no other CMS has done before.

The Future of MODx

The future looks bright for MODx, especially considering the developments of the latest releases, which have yielded promising results. The next release is expected to significantly enhance the API and bring even more features and overall flexibility to an already robust CMS. At the moment, WordPress is the only CMS spoken of by a large majority of webmasters. However, that is destined to change judging by the determination and persistence of the MODx development group and its experienced users. MODx has the advantages of building upon everything WordPress has done so far, and the only thing left to accomplish in order to compete with WordPress is the building of an extensive plugin library (although some would argue that the software does not need many plugins and that is why it is better than WordPress for advanced developers and webmasters).

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Jun
02

How to Protect an Apache Web Server from DDoS

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Apache or Apache HTTP Web Server is one of the most popular servers due to robust software, strong security, exceptional performance and its economical value. Also it supports several popular programming languages including Python, Perl, MySQL and PHP. Additionally, all Unix, Linux, Windows and OS operating systems support Apache.

What is a DDoS Attack?

A Denial of Service or DDoS attack is an attempt by a malicious user to make system resources unavailable. This is accomplished by sending a mass number of packets to the server causing it to overload and lock up. Hackers generally target sites like banks, root name servers and credit card payment gateways.

A frequent attack method occurs when the perpetrator externally attacks the server so that regular traffic is left with little or no response making it unavailable. This results in the computer or server being reset or the communication between users and the equipment fails.

Preventative Measures

Luckily there are a few methods to stop these attacks. Many web hosting providers utilize a Proxy Shield that can handle a DDoS attack up to 4GB per second. This is one of the most effective security measures available to date. It is also one of the most expensive so only large corporations can afford them.

To handle smaller DDoS incidents, hardware and software firewalls will generally do the trick. These stop the DDoS attack in the initial stage so little information is lost and the equipment can function normally.

Preventative Measures for an Apache Web Server

There is a specific method to stopping a DDoS attack on an Apache Web Server called mod-evasive. This is a module configured specifically for the Apache web server that can stop even the hardest hitting DDoS attacks, can be used for traffic detection, work with firewalls and send abuse reports.

This measure creates an internal table of IP addresses that will deny any single IP that’s blacklisted, that’s attempting to access a page numerous times or that’s launching more than 50 simultaneous connections per second from the same line. This technique eliminates attacks from a single-server attacker to a highly distributed attacker.

Mod_evasion has a built-in scaling capability with a cleanup procedure. Due to the design, only scripted attacks are recognized and blocked so that legitimate requests remain in tact and functional. A user can even click the reload button numerous times in a row and the system will identify that it isn’t a threat.

Security has been an issue in the computing industry for years. With hackers becoming more insightful with workarounds, combating their methods is proving to be more difficult. This security measure adds an extra level of protection to those utilizing an Apache server.

Feb
26

PHP and Common Web Hosting Security Issues

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The most common security lapses online are usually the result of a faulty or lazy programmer that has left some sort of loophole somewhere. Most of the time, these web designers and developers have very little time to finish a project, placing security last on their last of priorities. For this reason many of the sub sequential errors are not discovered until they have resulted in serious security lapses for the end user or their network.

PHP

One particular programming language that is becoming increasingly popular amongst newer developers is PHP. PHP is perhaps the easiest programming language to use, and therefore often the most erroneously misused by inexperienced web programmers. PHP’s ease of use and minimal learning curve make it an optimal opportunity for any novice web developer to create software that is potentially insecure.

Insecure Web Applications

In the past hackers would infiltrate a network using any means possible, including using phishing techniques, identity theft, and any other method to compromise the security of a server or operating system. Now, the main focus has shifted to infiltrating the administrative interface of a website to gain access to online databases and server files.

The easiest way for most hackers to do this is to find a way in through one of many loopholes that exists in the site’s web applications. Web applications make the webmasters job easier and more convenient, however like many other tools that increase convenience, web applications come at a price.

Hiring Your Own Programmers

Since web applications have direct access to your site’s administrative functions, these web applications can be taken advantage of for nefarious purposes, and used to access your website’s control panel. This could prove to be disastrous, especially if you run an online business. For this reason it is best to avoid any new web applications that are built by unreliable sources. If you are planning on using a web application with a busy business website, you may want to hire a personal qualified developer to assist you in creating some custom web applications.

Searching for web hosting companies will return a variety of results, displaying the various types of web hosting plans available. You may have done this before and encountered a few Linux web hosting plans. I am sure most of your are familiar with the Linux operating system, but for those of you who are not, Linux is the leading alternative to the Windows operating system, and is used by many companies around the world. Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was originally meant to replace the Minux operating system. Linux is considered an open source operating system, as each user receives a source code with their copy of the operating system. Linux comes in different “flavors” such as RedHat and Ubuntu.

LAMP

All Linux web hosting plans include the LAMP software bundle. LAMP stands for Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP/Perl/Python. Apache is a widely used open-source, multi-platform web server. Most Linux hosting plans use Apache servers. MySQL is a database that provides multiple users access to several online databases that are used to comprise the data of a website or network of websites. Any webmaster trying to utilize advanced website design of any kind will need a database of some sort.

PHP/Perl/Python

PHP/Perl/Python are all programming languages used in the production of advanced web applications. Almost all Linux web hosting solutions support PHP, while Perl and Python are not fully supported by all web hosting service providers. In fact, few web hosting companies actually provide support for the Perl and Python languages.

Linux Hosting Vs Windows Hosting

Without knowing the difference it can be a difficult decision to choose between Windows and Linux -based web hosting. The fact is, there is no major visual difference between the two on the surface, and most average users would not even notice the difference at first glance. However, there are some fundamental differences between the two that could affect your ultimate decision. For example, if you’re planning on using any Microsoft applications and programming tools likes Visual C++, Frontpage, or ASP.Net, then you may want to consider Windows-based web hosting.

Security and Performance

As far as security is concerned, Linux web hosting is considered to be safer than Windows-based web hosting. Therefore users can expect greater reliability and more uptime when using a Linux  hosting service. Linux servers can also run for a very long time without the need for a reboot, whereas Windows servers need to reboot after almost every upgrade.  Performance-wise Windows and Linux are neck and neck and there is no considerable difference.

Price

The most noticeable difference between the two for the average consumer is price. Linux web hosting is generally cheaper than Windows web hosting. If you are looking for a cheap deal on web hosting combined with reliability then you should consider Linux web hosting. If you absolutely need Microsoft application functionality, then perhaps Windows-based web hosting would be best for you.

Jan
25

The Most Prevalent PHP-Related Security Risks

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PHP is thought to be most useful programming language around, by many web developers. For this reason PHP use is becoming increasingly popular in corporate programming and building independent applications. While PHP scripting has the ability to create just about anything you’d like with it, the programming framework is not without it’s security flaws. There are hackers that know how to take advantage of the loopholes in PHP scripting, and they do so everyday through simple web platforms such as WordPress and Drupal. To prevent this from happening to you, you’ll want to know what the most significant PHP security lapses are so you can take the proper security measures.

Code Exploits

Sometimes hackers can use certain lines of code to request and retrieve information from your website. For example, the “allow_url_fopen” option allows users to  request file functions such as “file_get_contents()”, which would in turn allow a perpetrator to retrieve sensitive data from your website via a remote FTP connection.  If you PHP is configured with default settings, then this this function is still enabled, and you will need to manually disable it to keep hackers from executing code exploits on your website. Disabling this function will not take away from the functionality of your website at all, as it is not commonly used. If you do need to use it personally in the future, you can simply enable it as you see fit.

Risky Functions

Just as in the above situation, every risky PHP function should be disabled to prevent a similar scenario. There are three functions in particular that pose especially dangerous threats, and those are the “EVAL” “shell_ exec” and the “passthru” functions.  Disabling these functions is simple, and can be done by making slight adjustments to the “disable_functions” values in the “php.ini” file. Disabling the EVAL function is actually vital, because it allows a user to request remote control of PHP coding on your website. If this is used in conjunction with another exploit, it can mean serious problems for you and your website. Before you disable these functions, it is a good idea to make sure they are not needed for any particular applications or plugins you are using on your website.

Unsafe Application Coding

The  flexibility of PHP is what usually makes it easy for a hacker to breach the security of a website or server. The problem is that the security gaps are most likely not your fault, but rather they lie within the content management system you are using. Many of the applications that people use to make their website management easier, also make it easier for hackers to infiltrate their administrative interface.    This is why it is important to make sure you are using only the most secure plugins and applications to manage your website. In all actuality, it is better to have less functionality than to have a severe security breach on your website. Try to keep the amount of plugins you use to a minimum, and make sure the plugins you use have very secure coding.

Responsible Programmers

Being a programmer is not a simple task, and there are many things to consider when creating an application.  The problem is, there is so much to know, and not every programmer is up to the task of making sure their applications are fool-proof. In fact most of them only want to make an application that will have enhanced functionality and will be popular in the e-community. However, if you are truly serious about maintaining the security of your website then you will use applications that are developed by responsible programmers. This is the primary reason why corporations hire their own private programmers.

Jan
12

A Closer Look at PHPCow

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PHPCow is one of the many open-source content management systems powered by the widely used PHP language. This particular CMS is geared more towards users who want to create online magazines, newspapers, and news portals.  PHPCow offers the promise of being able to design and manage your content-rich site in simple drag-and-drop fashion, requiring no experience in XML, CSS or PHP.

Key Features

PHPCow trumps the competition with a host of great features.  There is actually too much to cover, but are some of the features that stand out the most:

Template Manager – PHPCow gives users control over the look and feel of their site with a flexible template engine.  This is made possible by an intuitive Block Handling System that allows for deeper customization of the page layout.  While the template system lets you get very imaginative with your design, users also have the option to choose from a variety of free pre-designed templates.

Article Management – Users can customize their articles with attachments, slide shows, images and much more.  PHPCow’s article management module includes a built-in WYSIWYG editor that enables simple editing on the fly.  If you can use simple word processing applications like Microsoft Word, then you can excel with this user-friendly HTML editor.  You have the luxury to filter content by author, article type, and category, along with powerful visualization features for rendering your filtered content.

Content Syndication – PHPCow offers a way to increase your readership and search engine rankings with efficient content syndication.  The software includes an RSS Generator for creating RSS and Atom Feeds, something that can be done with a few easy clicks of the mouse from the administrative control panel.  You also have the ability to import and export RSS feeds from other sites, indication that PHPCow covers just about every critical aspect of content syndication.

Dynamic Menu Management - PHPCow allows users to customize dynamic menus, a feature that works hand in hand with its built-in category management module.  The system gives you complete authority over menu properties, letting you arrange horizontally or vertically, split menus, and even rebuild on the fly with a simple click.  PHPCow also allows you to create partial menus with different formats that can be displayed on individual pages opposed to the entire website.

PHPCow Requirements

For the most part, PHPCow has the same requirements of any PHP-based CMS.  It calls for an Apache web server, but can run on a Linux, Unix or Windows operating system.  The software also requires a MySQL 5.0 database.  Perhaps the most important requirements relate to the server configuration.  In order to get an optimal performance out of PHPCow, you will need a server equipped with the GDLibrary module and the latest version of the Zend Optimizer among other components.

Conclusion

PHPCow offers an arsenal of great features.  Aside from what has been mentioned here, there is also a built-in voting system, archiving, search functionality and bread crumb navigation.  The software appears to live up to its claims of ease of use and seems a little more capable than many of its open-source competitors.  Keep in mind that PHPCow is a not a free CMS and that a license will cost you at least $100.